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Buying Old, Cheap or Second Hand instruments
This will be one of the most important articles that I have written that will help give you a clearer understanding of how to negotiate with the idea of purchasing a brass or woodwind instrument.
This is a must-read for novice buyers.
This type of info is what many sellers don’t want you to know. They probably are unaware themselves, selling items in good faith as value for money.
For now I’m giving these articles for free. Coming soon will be a membership club that will give more detailed care and maintenance info. Also a questions answered section and a forum contact base with other musicians around the world.
Most of the points in this article will specifically be related to brass instruments. My next article will deal more with woodwind instruments.
OK here we go...
So a friend has a used quality brand instrument to sell you, it may look good and not even be that old and the price appears to be quite reasonable.
Or I just clicked on ebay and found an old treasured beauty a bit more than I wanted to pay but hey it’s a rare piece.
Wow I just went to a supermarket or my local music shop and they have some really cheap price new instruments and they look great!
I will clarify that once you read this article and understand the principles involved it is entirely up to you to decide whether to buy or not to buy. Many people make decisions without correct knowledge. But when you do make a decision, it is important to believe that you made the best decision at that time and to go with it.
The instrument may even seem to play well.
I’m sure by now you want me to stop rambling.
A major false understanding about musical instruments is that “the material the instrument is made from makes the sound”. Not entirely correct, like one of those half truths. The brass, wood or plastic will only give the instrument its unique tonal quality or personalities and enhance the performance.
But the real energy of the instrument comes from how well it is engineered.
This is where the rubber meets the road. We're talking about sound waves bouncing around inside tubing.
And what is it doing? It’s trying to get out.
A professional player may put the instrument to a test by playing a variety of sounds from very soft, loud, low and extremely high notes.
But that won’t help you a parent who can’t even read music let alone play it.
So let’s use some practical common sense and enjoy being a little bit wiser.
I will also give you a point by point check list to help you determine the performance ability of any musical instrument. If you’re a teacher you really need to know this stuff. In future articles we will talk about materials, such as metal, wood, plastic, lacquer electroplating, performance and durability etc, etc.
Ok what about this engineering?????? What do you mean the sound waves are trying to get out??
Air columns such as the tubing in an instrument carry invisible sound waves vibrating at various tonal frequencies. In the manufacturing process the instrument maker must consider many factors to produce the desired tonal sound.
But the simple truth is: once the instrument is made, if it is poorlyl engineered, similar to showing signs of worn or sloppy parts, then sound waves will escape and limit the performance of the instrument.
If you considering to buy a vertical piston type valve instrument, such as a typical trumpet:
Here’s what to do.
Undo the valve cap and pull the valve up out of the casing about 25mm.
Now see if the valve rocks from side to side. Not twists, but rocks from left to right. If there is about a 1mm movement wow that’s like buying a car with a worn out engine. It may still seem to work OK but it won’t have the energy and performance ability it should have.

If you're not sure about this, just find a more expensive new instrument that is well engineered and check it the same way. Any music shop should let you try this on a new high quality instrument.
The valve tolerance (the gap between the cylinder wall and the piston) should be about 1 to 2 thousandths of an inch (that is 1/3 of the thickness of an average piece of hair).
It is from years of experience that we at Better Sounds are one of the few companies who are able to rebore and rebuild valve pistons to bring life and energy back to the instrument. This is a time consuming process. Usually we perform this type of repair only to professional models and customizing jobs, but if you have an old classic with value in your eyes, it can be done.
The following image shows three valves at different stages of restoration. From left to right:
- Piston and valve casing are worn and unrestored. Piston goes up and down, but plenty of side play.
- Valve casing has been rebored and the piston itself re-plated oversize.
- Piston has been honed, valves cut to size, then fine hand lapped to fit with a very close tolerance of 1 thou. Extremely little or no side play.

Here is a close-up of the same three valves:
 Hope that this point has been of help, Other factors will be discussed in further articles.
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